Politics of Canada. The politics of Canada function within a framework of parliamentary democracy and a federal system of parliamentary government with strong democratic traditions. [1] Canada is a constitutional monarchy , in which the monarch is head of state . In practice, the executive powers are directed by the Cabinet , a committee of ministers of the Crown responsible to the elected House of Commons of Canada and chosen and headed by the Prime Minister of Canada . [2] Politics of Canada Royal Coat of Arms of Canada Polity type Federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy Constitution Constitution of Canada Legislative branch Name Parliament Type Bicameral Meeting place Parliament Buildings Upper house Name Senate Presiding officer Vacant , Speaker of the Senate Appointer Governor General Lo...